Icon effects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Symbol impacts - Essay Example Is it simply a question of picking up cash from the travel industry, or is there more to it than that? Thought of the social capital in the feeling of a store of important thoughts that implies something to local people and to guests. Who purchases famous items and why? Key ideas: gifts, history, memory and pride. Four urban communities to be picked (introductory considerations are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Liverpool). Consider rules for determination, and correct decision if essential. Plan an excursion to every one of the four urban communities, so as to limit costs. Devise a little spending plan to pay for movement and purchase symbols from 4 traveler shops in every city. Thought: ask retailer what thing under  £5.00 individuals purchase most, note down the appropriate response. Rehash in 4 shops in every city (spending most extreme  £80 for symbols, conceivably less if the thing is the equivalent in two picked shops, since there no compelling reason to purchase twice). Take computerized photos of city’s primary famous items or areas. Accumulate visitor pamphlets on every city for contextual investigation examination. On come back from field trips, set up a contextual analysis of every city, portraying the symbols and talking about how every city utilizes them. At the point when each of the four contextual investigations are finished, think about and talk about them drawing out similitudes and contrasts. In the end, review what the effect of the symbols has been for each

Cellphones At School essays

Cellphones At School articles PDAs ought to be restricted from provincial schools. There is no explanation behind them in provincial schools, they are an interruption, lastly they could help in vicious In the first place, there is no purpose behind them. There are methods of getting tightly to whoever you need(parents). In the event that you have to call your folks; the workplace will be more than happy to let you use there telephone. Likewise, there are Next, they are an interruption. You wouldn't care for it in class on the off chance that you were taking your finals telephone rang in class. You wouldn't pay a bit of thoughtfulness regarding what your were doing you consideration on them. You would most likely misfortune your Last, PDAs can help into rough acts. Individuals can get out alert; it's opportunity to arrive not feel that can occur in your school yet it truly At long last, mobile phone ought to be prohibited from provincial schools. There is no explanation behind them; they are a interruption; lastly they can result into rough very late book reports keep me enduring ... <!

Three from MIT!

Three from MIT! Yesterday morning I was quite surprised and VERY excited to see a trio of my favorite MIT students featured prominently on an online magazine site that I visit daily called The Root. The article was a feature of 25 African American students under the age of 21 who are making extraordinary contributions in a variety of areas. When I was skimming through the student profiles, I realized that THREE of the young people featured are current students at MIT! 3 it!!!! Click the links to find out about our three from MIT Khalea Ross Robinson, Dorian Dargan, and Benjamin Mensah. What was even MORE impressive for me was that all three had videos that were featured on the website. So for your viewing pleasure, I present Dorian and Ben. Khaleas video is also in a link on her profile page. If you want to learn a little more about Dorian, check out his website! ______________________________ On a personal note, I must say that in addition to being super accomplished people who are changing the world, all three of these young people are some of the most down-to-earth, generous, and sincere people who I have ever met. Kudos, Kudos, and more Kudos to you Khalea, Dorian, and Ben!!!

Movie Review Thanks For Sharing Essay - 1745 Words

In this paper, I will compare my real world experiences at local Alcohol Anonymous’ (AA) meetings, which I attended while enrolled in this course with that in the movie, Thanks for Sharing. Both are based on the lives and experiences of recovering addicts of either substance abuse or sexual activity. This paper will cover the stories and lives of the characters involved. Stuart Blumberg directed the movie in 2012. All movie character references in this paper are taken directly from the actual movie. Thanks for Sharing is a 2012 American comedy-drama film directed by Stuart Blumberg, from a screenplay written by Blumberg and Matt Winston. Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thanks_for_Sharing About the Movie Thanks for Sharing is the movie that I watched. Based in New York City, the movie is about three men undergoing a twelve-step process to recover from their sexual addiction. Later in the movie, a female joins the group for the same reasons: sexual addiction. The main characters are Adam, Neil, and Mike. Dede, Phoebe, and Danny are secondary characters. Adam is a business professional. He walks along the streets of New York City trying to avoid the temptations to have sex by various advertisements and women on his way to work. He has been in sobriety for five years. However, she has a relapse after a brief break up with Phoebe. Neil is a medical doctor. He is addicted to sex and masturbation. He is known for grinding against strange womenShow MoreRelatedTicket Booking System Of Indian Cinema Chains And Improvements1618 Words   |  7 Pagesrecord my thanks to those who helped me out in the successful completion of my project. Life is a process of accumulating and discharging debts, not all of those can be measured. We cannot hope to discharge them with simple words of thanks but we can certainly acknowledge them. At this level of understanding it is often difficult to completed and assimilate a wide spectrum of knowledge without proper guidance and advice. Hence, I would like to thank my advisor DR. ZILLUR RAHMAN, for sharing his timeRead MoreThe Impact Of Piracy On The Internet Essay1720 Words   |  7 PagesAssociation of America website, A pirate is anyone who sells, acquires, copies or distributes copyrighted materials without permission. Over the past ten years, technology has greatly advanced, and with these technological advances, digital file sharing easier than ever. One aspect of these advances is faster Internet connection, which has made it easier to download large files in the matter of minutes. Whereas in the past majority of people had dial-up Internet services which in most cases theRead MorePrecious Based on the Novel Push by Saphire Analysis1368 Words   |  6 PagesIntracultural Communications Professor Brook Film Analysis on 2009’s â€Å"Precious† Analyzing a dynamic film like the 2009 â€Å"Precious† is difficult. The movie got a lot of praise for the acting and the story that was portrayed but it also got a lot of heat from the race that was portrayed in the movie. African Americans nationwide said the movie made their African American ghettos into a sexually incest ridden, classless society and didn’t properly show any of the positive attributes that come fromRead MoreWhats Wrong with Kids Today?1157 Words   |  5 Pagesof writers, activists, storytellers? When the world worked in hard copy, no parent or teacher ever begrudged teenagers who disappeared into their rooms to write letters to friends -- or a movie review, or an editorial for the school paper on the first president theyll vote for. Even 15-year-old boys are sharing some part of their feelings with someone out there. Were talking about 33 million Americans who are fluent in texting, e-mailing, blogging, IMing and constantly amending their profilesRead MoreHow Has the Internet Changed the Music and Movie Industries3305 Words   |  14 Pagesmusic and movies have obviously come a long way since then, its purpose has remained steady since its inception: to entertain, convey artistic expression, and generate money. Eventually with ways to record and distribute these types of mediums, thanks to the inventions of the phonograph in 1877 by Thomas Edison (whose â€Å"Mary Had a Little Lamb† was long believed to be the first recording ever) and the motion picture camera and simultaneous invention of the motion picture projector in the 1880s, theRead MoreYour Online Presence Requires Time And Efforts Essay1630 Words   |  7 Pagesyour social media conversations and take a note of audiences that regularly talk or tweet about company’s product and inquire them how they reach it. Provide them possible help regarding product or service. Invite them to comment on company’s forum. Thank them regarding their support. Offer them special opportunity in relation to new products. Such people are free marketers who can manifold your presence on the internet and can tell further to people about your company. Focus on the top social mediaRead MoreThe Lego Brick : The Enduring Economic Fascination Of Lego And A Review Of The Investment And Reselling Market2036 Words   |  9 PagesThe Lego Brick The Enduring Economic Fascination of Lego and a Review of the Investment and Reselling Market. Starting Thoughts It is argued that two Danish words, ‘leg godt’ are the benchmark of a child’s development .In English, ‘leg godt’, translates to ‘play well’. Consequently in the former language, these two words integrated created a globally recognized brand in the toy industry. Thus, it falls that Lego was born. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitudeRead MoreHigh Rates Of Employee Turnover Essay1721 Words   |  7 Pagestherefore, leaves Amazon with a turnover cycle and this impact multiplies every time an employee leaves the company. A thorough analytical approach is needed in order to solve the challenge Amazon is facing of high employee turnover (Christopher, 1996). Review the data Since Amazon Virtual Contact Center operates across multiple locations, departments, states’, tracking the root cause is quite a challenge. I applied two platforms which were Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) and ProfessionalRead MoreNetflix An Online Video Rental Service Provider3477 Words   |  14 Pagesreinvent itself for new technological advancement. We can easily call the example of Blockbuster Inc. (BBI) where customers came to get movies rented for some period and gave it back within the time. In this whole process, customer himself comes, gets a movie and returns it within the period. But the technological advancement in internet has literally wiped out the Blockbusters from the scene. Blockbuster could not respond effectively to changing demands of new generation and Netflix took its position.Read MoreAnalysis Of Henrik Ibsen s A Doll s House Essay2188 Words   |  9 PagesFilm and theatre are very closely related, however, it is their cinematic di fferences that allow you to tell them apart. When a director recreates a play for movie production, the structure often does not change, like the plot and characters, yet the array of things that one can change stylistically are infinite. When performing a play, it is difficult to have multiple scene changes causing a play director to follow the stage directions more step by step, allowing film directors to prosper in this

Top 10 Italian Pronunciation Mistakes

Learn to speak your best Italian by avoiding these 10 common mistakes all beginners tend to make. 1. Mumbling It might sound obvious if you want to make yourself heard, but you must open your mouth in order to speak Italian. Native English speakers, accustomed to a language that doesnt have the big, round, vowel sounds common in Italian, should remember to open wide and enunciate. 2. Consonants that Count Twice Being able to (and hear the difference, too) is imperative. The Italian language doesnt waste letters; as a phonetic language, it’s spoken the way it’s written. So if a word contains double consonants (cassa, nonno, pappa, serra), you can assume both are pronounced—the meaning changes depending on whether a particular consonant is doubled. If youre unsure how to pronounce i consonanti doppie (), try pronouncing it twice or holding it for an extra beat. 3. Third-to-Last Verbs As with most Italian words, when pronouncing the various conjugated verb forms of the stress falls on the next-to-last syllable. The one exception is the third-person plural form, in which the stress falls on the third-to-last syllable (words in which the accent falls on the third-to-last syllable are known as parole sdrucciole). 4. One in a Million Ask a beginner (or even an intermediate) Italian language learner to pronounce terms such as figlio, pagliacci, garbuglio, glielo, and consigli and often their first reaction is a look of bewilderment: the dreaded gli combination! Even the short-cut explanation that in Italian gli is pronounced like lli in the English word million often doesnt help (nor do other technical descriptions about how to pronounce gli improve the long odds of mastery). Perhaps the most effective way to learn how to pronounce gli is to listen and repeat until it becomes second nature. Remember, though, even Michelangelo was a beginner once. 5. MonDAY to FriDAY Except for Saturday and Sunday, the days of the week in Italian are pronounced with the accent on the last syllable. Theyre even written that way to remind speakers, e.g., lunedà ¬ (Monday), how to pronounce them. But too frequently, non-native speakers ignore the accent and persist in placing the accent on the first (or other) syllable. Dont shortchange the giorni feriali (workdays)—the accent marks the stressed vowel of a word in Italian. 6. On a Roll If you can relate to the following statements, it should be obvious what troubles many who are learning to speak Italian: After several years of studying Italian I’m still unable to pronounce the letter RI would very much like to learn how to roll my Rs when I speak or sing ItalianDoes anyone have any tips on how to learn to roll your Rs? No matter how good my vocabulary or accent gets, this is a dead giveaway that Im a foreigner! Learning how to pronounce the letter r is a struggle for many, but remember: rrrrruffles have rrrrridges! 7. Italian Surnames Everyone knows how to pronounce their last name, right? In fact, posts on the About.com Italian Language forums such as how do I pronounce my last name Cangialosi? are common. Since surnames are obviously a point of pride, its not hard to understand why families would insist on pronouncing them a certain way. But second- and third-generation Italian Americans who have little or no knowledge of Italian are often unaware of how to correctly pronounce their last names, resulting in anglicized versions that bear little resemblance to the original form. When in doubt, ask a native Italian. 8. Its brus-KET-ta Dont correct me when I order. Too often, wait staff at Italian-American restaurants in the U.S. (and diners as well) dont know how to pronounce the word. In Italian, there is only one way to pronounce the letter c when followed by an h— as the English k. 9. The Morning Espresso Down that small cup of very strong coffee and jump on board the fast train to make an early morning meeting. But be sure to order an espresso from the barista, since an express(o) is a train. Its a common mistake heard everywhere, even on printed signs and menus. 10. Media Misinformation Advertising is pervasive nowadays, and because of its influence, it’s a common source of difficulty in pronouncing Italian. Jingles and taglines frequently mangle Italian words and Italian pronunciation beyond recognition, and brand-naming consultants invent pseudo-Italian names for products. Imitate at your own risk.

The Nursing Code Of Ethics - 895 Words

There are many different careers which entail much more than just a particular degree from some type of post-secondary education program. Typically, all careers have a specific code and level of ethics which are incorporated into the daily responsibilities one is expected to perform in their chosen field. For the basis of this paper, I have chosen to write about the nursing code of ethics. Nursing has a professional code along with the level/employee behavior usually being currently attainable, which means that the behavior expected is normally exhibited by individuals. (Manias 508). However, although nursing seems to require behavior that is â€Å"normally† exhibited and tends to be one of the most popular medical fields, there are numerous amounts of ethical issues which have emerged in this field of work since the few being noted in Florence Nightingale’s Notes on Nursing. (Ulrich et al. 2). From a particular self-administered survey taken by over 1000 nurses in four different states and in four different census regions in the United States, over half appeared to â€Å"feel uncomfortable in addressing the ethical issues they encountered in patient care†. (Ulrich et al. 1). Also, from analysis of over 422 questionnaires, the top five most frequently occurring and trying ethical patient care issues were â€Å"protecting patients’ rights; autonomy and informed consent to treatment; staffing patterns; advanced care planning; and surrogate decision-making†. (Ulrich et al. 1). Although,Show MoreRelatedThe Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay839 Words   |  4 Pagesall careers have a specific code and level of ethics which are incorporated into the daily responsibilities one is expected to perform in their chosen field. For the basis of this paper, I have chosen to write about the nursing code of ethics. Nursing has a professional code of ethics along with the level/employee behavior usually being currently attainable, meaning that the behavior expected is normally exhibited by individuals. (Manias 508). However, although nursing seems to require behavior thatRead MoreThe Nursing Code Of Ethics Essay1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs described in Black, ethics and morals are defining characteristics that guide nursing care. Each play a particular role in the efficacy of each nurse and the way he or she performs within the scope of practice. Morals are established as a rule of conduct in any situation provided and once a nurse is aware of one’s personal beliefs and values, safe and effective client care can be delivered through ethical decision making. Ethical decision making involves a critical analysis of actions beforeRead MoreCode of Ethics - Nursing1475 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral norms which nurses are expected to adhere to and embrace. In a nursing profession, daily decisions have real impact on other people’s lives. The responsibility of such decisions creates the need for nurses to have knowledge and skills that enable them to not only provide physical and psychological care, but also to critique and reflect on the standard of health care practices. For the nurses to do this, they must understand ethics and ways in which to utilize this knowledge in a constructive andRead MoreCode of Ethics - Nursing1478 Words   |  6 Pagesmoral norms which nurses are expected to adhere to and embrace. In a nursing profession, daily decisions have real impact on other people’s lives. The responsibility of such decisions creates the need for nurses to have knowledge and skills that enable them to not only provide physical and psychological care, but also to critique and reflect on the standard of health care practices. For the nurses to do this, they must understand ethics and ways in which to utilize this knowledge in a constructive andRead MoreCodes of Ethics in Nursing3690 Words   |  15 PagesCODE OF ETHICS IN NURSING * The fundamental responsibility of the nurse is fourfold: to promote health, to prevent illness, to restore health and to alleviate suffering. * The need for nursing is universal. Inherent in nursing is respect for life, dignity and the rights of man. It is unrestricted by consideration of nationality, race, creed, color, age sex, politics, or social status. * Nurses render health services to the individual, the family and the community and coordinate theirRead MoreForensic Nursing Codes Of Ethics1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe profession of nursing has many vast specialties. Although every specialty, including forensic nursing, has its unique population and scope of practice, every field of nursing can and should utilize the Codes of Ethics from the American Nurses Association. The 2015 Code â€Å"addresses individual as well as collective nursing intentions and actions; it requires each nurse to demonstrate ethical competence in professional life† (ANA, 2015, p. 7). This code can be broken down into nine provisions whichRead MoreNursing Code of Ethics Essay1052 Words   |  5 PagesNursing Code of Ethics Introduction Butts and Rich (1-26) point out that effective nursing requires both broad knowledge and a set of well developed abilities and skills. The required tasks, are many and varied and in order to do them properly, care must be taken to respect each patients rights and sensitivities. This is why, according to the authors, nursing care must be guided by a code of ethics. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and discussion of the Code of EthicsRead MoreNursing Code Of Ethics Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Nursing code of ethics was developed as a guide in carrying out nursing responsibilities in a matter consistent with quality in nursing care and the ethical obligations of the profession (ANA, 2015). The term ethics refers to the study of philosophical ideas of right and wrong behavior (Olin, 2012). There is a total of nine provisions however, throughout this paper I will discuss provisions one through four and express how I plan to utilize these provisions as a new RN. These provisionsRead MoreThe Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nursing2525 Words   |  10 PagesGuide to the Code of Ethics for Nursing and address the following objectives. 1. Explain the relationship between Codes of Ethics and Professional Identity? The Code of Ethics and the Professional Identity assume a dependent relationship. Without one the other could not stand alone. When we search for the professional identity of a career we also look at how they were established and what boundaries do they follow. In nursing, as stated by the American Nurses Association â€Å"a code of ethics stands asRead MoreNursing Is A Code Of Conduct Or Ethics Essay975 Words   |  4 PagesIn any occupation there lies a code of conduct or ethics by which we represent ourselves to our peers, supervisors, and the public. It is within that set of behavior that will determine how people are viewed, treated and impacted. Nursing requires characteristics of professionalism that are detrimental to the outcome of patient care and safety. In the early 1800s, nursing was considered as a position held by people that were dishonest, unfavorable and illiterate. This all changed after Florence Nightingale

Was The Reign Of Terror Justified Essay Example For Students

Was The Reign Of Terror Justified Essay 1.There are many definitions of terrorism. Some of them are: Brain Jenkins said that terrorism is the use or threatened use of force designed to bring about political change. While Walter Lacqueur said that terrorism constitutes the illegitimate use of force to achieve apolitical objective by targeting innocent people. Yet another definition comes from Edward Herman, who said that terrorism should be defined by terms of state repression, such as the corrupt Latin American governments. Still another view of terrorism comes from Alex Schmidt, who said that there is no true or correct definition, because terrorism is an abstract concept with no real presence. A single definition cannot possibly account for all potential uses of the term. The final definition that is covered here is the official definition of terrorism issued by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. They state that it is the unlawful use of force to intimidate a government to further political or social goals. Though thes e are only a few of the definitions of terrorism, they provide a good cross-section of the term terrorism. 2.Martha Crenshaw said that terrorism means socially and politically unacceptable violence aimed at an innocent target to achieve a psychological effect. She also sited three criteria to make it a terrorist attack. The first is that there must be military methods used. Second there must be a millitary target involved, and finally there must be some chance of victory. 3.J. Bowyer Bell stated that there are six types of terrorism, and each part has a purpose. The six are; psychotic which attempts to achieve psychological gratification. The second is criminal witch attempts to profit the terrorist. Next there is the vigilantly type of terrorism witch attempts to achieve retaliation for some act, fourth there is endemic terrorism; witch is an internal struggle of some type. The fifth type of terrorism is authorized terrorism, which deals with state repression of a group. Finally we have revolutionary terrorism, which changes a behavior through fear. 4.One of the many types of terrorism, according to Bell, is revolutionary terrorism. Here are some of the forms of revolutionary terrorism. One form is organizational which is meant to maintain discipline in a terrorist group. The next is allegiance which attempts to achieve public support for a given terror group. Thirdly there is functional revolutionary terrorism, which attempts to accomplish the missions of the terror groups. Another form is the proactive type, which incites governments to repression of a group of people. The fifth form of revolutionary terrorism is a manipulative terror group that attempts to obtain demands through drastic confrontation. The final aspect of revolutionary terrorism according to bell is the symbolic terrorist that strikes at targets for a psychological impact. 5.PaulWilkinson has another typology of terrorism. He focused primarily on nationalistic and revolutionary terrorism. Yet his definition moved beyond the broad meaning of terrorism. Three types came out of his analysis: criminal, political and state sponsored terror. He also said that there has to be a difference made between internal and external terrorism. He is the most fond of political terrorism because he feels it is the least controversial and most common. 6.Brian Jenkins stated six tactics of terrorism. They are; bombing, hijacking, arson, ambush, kidnapping, and hostage taking. Terrorist most commonly use more than one of these tactics at one time. 7.Just as there are six common tactics employed by terrorists there are also three force multipliers, which increases the striking power of the terrorists without increasing the strength of the unit. They are; technology (such as computer strikes), transnational support (money from more than one source), and media (to get their ideals out to the public). These forces are just as important to terror grouWords/ Pages : 645 / 24

Concept and History of the Liberal Feminism

Biography Bill Clinton †The 42nd President

Biography Bill Clinton – The 42nd President Free Online Research Papers Bill Clinton, the 42nd president of the United States, was born William Jefferson the III on August 19, 1946, in Hope, Arkansas. His father died in a traffic accident three months before he was born. When he was four years old, his mother married Roger Clinton. Bill took the Clinton family name at the age of 14. Bill Clinton was a great student and saxophone player, and once thought about becoming a professional musician. In high school, he was a delegate to Boys Nation and met President John Kennedy in the White House Rose Garden. When he met John Kennedy it made him want to pursue a life in public services. Clinton graduated from Georgetown University, and then in 1968, won a Rhodes Scholarship to Oxford University. After earning a law degree from Yale University in 1973, he entered politics in Arkansas. He was defeated in his 1974 campaign for Congress in Arkansas. The next year he married Hillary Rodham, a graduate of Wellesley College and Yale Law School. Clinton was elected Arkansas Attorney General in 1976, and then went on to become governor in 1978. Elected to office at the age of 32, he was the youngest governor in the country. He lost a bid for a second term, but was re-elected four years later. He served as governor of Arkansas until he defeated President George Bush in the 1992 presidential race. His running mate was Tennessee Senator Al Gore, Jr. Clinton became the third youngest president in history, following Theodore Roosevelt and John F. Kennedy. He went on to serve two terms (1993 2001). In 1998, Clinton was impeached because of aligations of sexual indiscretion with a young female White House intern. He was the second U.S. president to be impeached by the House of Representatives. He was tried in the Senate and found not guilty of the charges brought against him. He apologized to the nation and continued to have astounding approval ratings as president, even though many Americans questioned his morals. During Clintons presidency, the nation enjoyed more peace and economic security than at any other time in its history, the lowest unemployment rate in recent history, the lowest inflation in 30 years and the highest home ownership in the nations history. Crime rates also dropped in many cities and unemployment rolls were reduced. During his administration, he proposed the first balanced budget in years and achieved a budget surplus. As part of a plan to celebrate the millennium in 2000, he called for a national initiative to end racial discrimination. Since leaving office, Clinton has been involved in public speaking and humanitarian work. He founded the William J. Clinton Foundation, which promotes international causes, such as treatment and prevention of HIV/AIDS and global warming. In 2004, he released his autobiography, My Life. Clinton currently resides in New York with his wife, Hillary, Who is now running to be the First Women President of the United States of America! They have one daughter, Chelsea, who was born in 1980. Research Papers on Biography Bill Clinton - The 42nd PresidentNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyWhere Wild and West MeetThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationHip-Hop is ArtPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into Asia

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations Dissertation

Identifying Success Factors Implementing ERP in Small Organisations - Dissertation Example Center of discussion in this paper are Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. They are computer software packages that enable companies to manage all of their operations, such as sales, manufacturing, inventory, accounting, etc. using a single platform. ERP systems officially arrived in the early 1990s, though they evolved over the previous few decades as the separate programs of each functional area began to be integrated into one program. The intent of a single integrated software package was to reduce the direct costs associated with multiple packages (re-entering, reformatting, and reconciling redundant data) while aiding the communication between the functional areas of a business, such as sales and production. The market for ERP systems continues to grow faster than any other software market with significant number of companies worldwide have already implemented an ERP system. The vast scope of an ERP system magnifies the typical "risk-reward" relationship of any business initiative. Davenport described ERP systems as profoundly complex pieces of software that require large investments of money, time and expertise. Correspondingly, he stated that although implementing an ERP system could deliver great rewards for a company, implementation failure could be fatal. In fact, many well- known companies experienced significant challenges implementing their ERP systems. This led researchers to provide insight into what organisations could do to increase their chances of implementation success, resulting in the identification of ERP system implementation Critical Success Factors (CSFs) (Al-Fawaz, Al-Salti, & Eldabi, 2008). Various authors have developed lists of CSF's (Al-Fawaz et al., 2008, AI-Mashari et al., 2003, Stratman and Roth, 2002, Umble et al., 2003). These factors are not specific to any particular ERP software program as they are based on the organisational aspects of the implementation rather than the technical functionality of the program. Exam ples of such factors include strategic visioning/planning, management support, project management, and training. Proficiently addressing these CSFs should increase the chances of a successful implementation (Ehie, 2005; Thomas & Huq, 2007). However, with so many factors involved in an ERP system implementation project, there can be no guarantee of implementation success. ERP systems, like many other technological advances, were initially implemented only at large organisations. Over the years, software vendors began to provide ERP systems specifically targeted for midsize market price tolerance and functionality requirements, leading more and more small organisations to implement ERP systems. Small organisations have been shown to posses significantly different characteristics when compared to large organisations (McAdam, 2002, Ghobadian and Gallear, 1996, Lee and Oakes, 1995). Their organisational structures and culture are relatively informal, their leadership is intimately involv ed in daily operations and typically lack long-term strategic planning. Furthermore, they have limited human and financial resources, and often lack a dedicated full-time Information Technology (IT) person. All of these factors combine into a significantly different organisational environment for an ERP system implementation when compared to large organisations. The existing research on ERP CSFs is heavily based on experiences at large organisations. This is understandable, considering that only a few small organisations had previously implemented ERP systems, which limited the ability to conduct research that is small organisation specific. Thus, more research is needed to identify the CSFs of ERP implementations at small organisations and how they compare to the established list of CSFs that is based on large organisatio

Term paper-ceramics Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

-ceramics - Term Paper Example The input of ceramic materials to automobile technologies ranges over driving performance, fuel efficiency and exhaust gas purification. A number of ceramic parts, such as knock sensors, oxygen sensors, exhaust gas catalysts, and silicon nitride components for automotive engines, have been well utilized to automobiles. Ceramics revolution is not just confined to the automotive industry- producers in aerospace, defense, medical and telecommunication firms are also progressively utilizing ceramic alternatives. The material is fast becoming to be much known for its application in earthenware and pottery and more for the opportunities it creates in the production of goods necessary in our daily lives. This paper will examine the contribution of the ceramics to advances in automotive technologies. It will also try to explore the possible contributions of ceramics in the future such as ceramic gas turbines, adiabatic turbo-compound diesels, electric vehicles and fuel cells due to advances in ceramic technologies. Ceramics is an inert composite containing a metal and a non metal or several non metals. These materials have several properties that identify them. For instance, they are delicate thus easily broken, elastic, quite hard, and need high melting temperatures. They are also electrical, act as thermal insulators and have a high chemical stability. Examples of ceramics include silica (an ingredient used in glass products and contains silicon dioxide), alumina (used in abrasives and contains aluminum oxide) and complex compounds that contain hydrous aluminum silicate used mostly in clay products. Ceramic products are clay in form of bricks, cement used for construction, intractable ceramics that can withstand high temperatures like furnaces used in factories, glass and glass fibers, abrasives, and white ware products. Ceramics are divided in three categories: Traditional ceramics, new ceramics and glass. Ceramics are stronger than metals thus are

Effects of Different Disinfectants

Effects of Different Disinfectants Abstract Introduction: Dentists, dental equipments and dental laboratories are exposed to different types of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of spraying three different types of disinfectant agents: sodium hypochlorite 0.525 %, Epimax and Deconex, on condensational silicon after 5 and 10 minutes. Method and materials: In this in vitro experimental study, 66 circular samples of condensational silicon impression materials of 1cm diameter and 2mm thickness (1.5 mm thickness of puty and 0.5 mm thickness of wash) were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus ,(ATCC29213) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Candida albicans fungus (PTCC5027). Except for control samples all of them were disinfected with sodium hypochlorite 0.525%, Deconex and Epimax by way of spraying. Afterwards, they were kept in plastic bags filled with humid cotton rolled for 5 and 10 minutes. In order to isolate bacteria the samples were immersed in 2% trypsin for one hour and then the solution was diluted with normal salin in portion of 1,1/2 and 1/4. The trypsin suspensions were transferred to culture plates and the number of colonies was counted after 24 and 48 hours for bacteria and after 72 hours for fungus. All data was analyzed by Mann Whitney test in SPSS software program (=0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between disinfection capability of Epimax and Deconex for all mentioned microorganisms after 5 minutes (P value=0.034). Also the difference was significant between disinfection ability of hypochlorite sodium 0.525% and Epimax for Staphylococcus aureus (P value=0.043) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P value=0.046) after 5 minutes. There was a significant difference between disinfection effects of Epimax and Deconex(P value=0.034) and hypochlorite sodium0.525% and Epimax(P value=0.034) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa after 10 minutes. By changing time from 5 minutes to 10 minutes, disinfection efficacy of Epimax and Hypochlorite sodium 0.525% changed dramatically. Deconex was completely efficient in eliminating 100 % of microorganisms in both 5 and 10 minutes. Conclusion: This study revealed that condensational silicon can be effectively disinfected by three types of disinfectant agents by spraying method, although Deconex showed the best results compared to the other agents which indicate that this agent can be selected as a first choice to disinfect condensational silicon impression materials. Key words: Condensational silicone, Disinfection, Impression materials, Introduction: Dentists and dental laboratories are exposed to different types of pathogen microorganisms. The main sources of transition of oral infections from patients to laboratory are impression materials, impression trays and poured stone casts. (1) New studies have shown that, 67% of materials which are sent to dentallaboratories are infected by various microorganisms (2). The most frequently identified microorganisms are Streptococcus species, Staphylococcus species, Escherichia coli species, Actinomyces species, Antitratus species, Pseudomonas species, Enterobacter species, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida species.(3). therefore, an effort should be made to eliminate most of these microorganisms and reduce the rate of infection transmission to dentistry laboratories. The International Dental Federation consequently have insisted on disinfecting all impressions from patients before sending them to laboratories (4). Also the American Dental Association has advised all dental workers to disinfect all patients’ impression trays (5). In some studies, it has been declared that washing the impression materials with tap water; only removes 40% of bacteria but other studies have reported that it has the capacity to reduce micro organisms up to 90 %( 6). The most common chemical disinfectants used by dentists are Alcohols, Aldehydes, Chlorine combinations, phenols, Biguanides, Iodide combinations and Ammonium (7). Based on the type of chemical disinfectant, there are two common methods to disinfect dental materials: 1) immersion 2) spraying (6). Disinfection by immersing in the chemical materials has been proved to cover all surfaces in one time (8) while spraying is not capable of disinfecting all surfaces effectively and also cannot cover all undercuts, it significantly reduces the amount of distortion that take place in immersing method (6). Silicon impression materials are the first group of polymeric impression materials (9). These materials have the best dimensional stability. Polyvinyl impression materials are the only impression materials which can be disinfected without any dimensional changes (10). Also, different methods such as soaking in glutaraldehyde for 30 minutes have been suggested to disinfect these materials. Use of hypochlorite sodium and phenol combinations with the soaking time less than pouring time have been suggested by Some studies (11). J.Bustos investigated the effect of 0.05 % hypochlorite sodium and glutaraldehyde after 5 and 10 minutes on silicon impression materials. He declared that both of these disinfectants can efficiently prevent the bacterial growth on these impressions materials (12). Ghahremanloo A et al also conducted a research in 2009 and investigated the antimicrobial effect of sodium hypochlorite 0.525 %, Deconex and Sanosil. They concluded that the use of 0.525 % sodium hypochlorite spray on the surface of alginate; effectively disinfects 96.6 % of the samples (13). Since none of the mentioned disinfectant methods and agents have been accepted as a gold standard for disinfecting dental materials, finding an appropriate way seems rational. The aim of this study was to investigate the disinfectant ability of spraying Deconex, Sodium hypochlorite 0.525 % and Epimax on condensational silicon impression material in 5 minutes and 10 minutes. Methods and Materials This randomized experimental and microbiological study was carried out with the cooperation of dental school and microbiology department of the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, aiming to evaluate the disinfection effect of: Sodium Hypochlorite0.525%, Deconex and Epimax on the condensational silicon impression material. Sampling Methods: In order to prepare samples, the heavy body impression material (putty) was mixed with the catalyst according to manufacturer instructions. The mixture was placed in a syringe with one centimeter diameter so that samples with 1.5 millimeter thickness were gained. Then the light body impression material (Wash) was mixed with the catalyst on a paper pad with a sterile spatula and was placed in the upper 0.5 millimeter of the syringe. Eventually 66 samples, with 2mm thickness and 1 cm diameter, were prepared. In order to ensure that samples were kept sterile during preparation, three samples were selected as negative controls (blank) and were incubated on TSB culture for 24 to 48 hours; after which the bacterial growth was examined. For each bacterial type, 21 samples were used. Sodium hypochlorite0.525% was used to disinfect three of them for five minutes and three others for 10 minutes. Three samples were disinfected with Deconex for five minutes and three others for 10 minutes. And three samples were disinfected with Epimax for five minutes and three others for 10 minutes. At Last, three more samples were used as positive controls to check for any microbial pollution. Preparation of Microbial Solution and Yeast For many types of susceptibility testing, a standard inoculum of bacteria must be used. The standard inoculums were prepared according to 0.5 McFarland (1.5Ãâ€"108cfu/ml) by transferring 1-2 colonies of 18-24 hours cultures to TSB medium and incubated at 35 °c until 0.5 McFarland turbidity of media was gained. For Candida albicans fungus, the sample was taken from 48 hour Saborose and Dextrose Agar cultures. Contamination of Samples To evaluate the disinfection effect of three mentioned substances, samples were separately polluted with microbial suspensions of Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853) and Candida albicans fungus (PTCC5027). The impressions were put in sterile test tubes separately with 2 milliliter of microbial suspension in each tube and then all samples incubated at 35 º C for one hour. Disinfection of Samples and microbiological Surveys: After contamination, all samples were rinsed with sterile distilled water for 30 seconds. In order to disinfect all samples, except controls, Sodium Hypochlorite 0.525%, Deconex and Epimax were separately sprayed 10 times on each sample for 15 seconds. Then the samples were put into sterile plastic bags containing sterile cotton, humidified with sterile distilled water to form a moisturized environment for 5 and 10 minutes. Protease Trypsin, which is able to isolate the microbes from contaminated environments, was used. The ideal time and dilution for effective use of Trypsin is 60 minutes and 2% respectively. This time and dilution are based on the maximum microorganisms than can be isolated from the samples. After washing the samples with sterile distilled water for 30 seconds, they were put in Trypsin 2% solution for 60 minutes. Trypsin Suspensions with 1, and dilution were then prepared. Using 100 micro liter samplers, these samples were transferred to Muller Hinton Agar for Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Saborow Dextrose Agar culture was selected for Candida albicans fungus. Using a Pasteur pipet bent with heat at 90 degrees, the samples were spread on cultures. After 24 and 48 hours incubation, the grown bacterial colonies on culture were counted. The grown fungus colonies of Candida albicans on Saborow culture were counted after 72 hours. All results, were analyze d by Mann Witney test in SPSS software program.(ÃŽ ±=0.05) Results: According to the table 1, there is a significant difference between disinfection ability of Deconex and Epimax in 5 minutes (P Value=0.034). This difference is also significant for hypochlorite sodium and Epimax just for pseudomonas aeruginosa (p value=0.046) and staphylococcus Aureus (p value=0.043). In other cases, there is no significant difference in disinfection ability of materials in 5 minutes. (P value>0.05) According to the table 2, significant difference between disinfection capability of hypochlorite sodium – epimax and deconex- epimax was just seen after 10 minutes for pseudomonas aeruginosa. According to the table 3, Deconex completely eradicated all three kinds of microorganisms after 5 and 10 minutes. This is not true for hypochlorite sodium, as this material just eradicated staphylococcus Aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa after 10 minutes 98.68 % eradication of pseudomonas aeruginosa was seen after 5 minutes. After 5 minutes, epimax could eradicate 95.78 % of pseudomonas aeruginosa. This agent can completely eradicate candida Albicans and Staphylococcus Aureus after 10 minutes. By increasing time from 5 to 10 minutes, disinfection ability of all agents increased, except for Deconex which is 100 % for all microorganisms in both 5 minutes and 10 minutes. When there are large numbers of bacterial colonies, which are not countable, we can count the number of colonies using inverse dilution coefficient. Since real number of colonies was countable in dilution#1, and all results from other dilutions were similar to mentioned results, the results regarding to the number of colonies in other two dilutions were not reported. Discussion: Dentists practicing dentistry, encounter potentially harmful microorganisms. Patients are the most common source of microorganisms (14). Studies indicate that the surface of impressions taken out of the mouth is polluted with bacteria (15-18). As impressions and occlusal records cannot be sterilized by heat, chemical disinfection is still the common practicable method to eradicate microorganisms (19-21). So far there is no global way to disinfect impression materials (22). The American Dental Association (ADA) recommends soaking impression materials in disinfectant solutions for less than 30 minutes (23). Muller Bolla et al found that in European schools of dentistry, the soaking method is applied for 63% and 73% of Alginate impressions and silicon impressions respectively. The approximate time of disinfection was 10.3 ±6.3 minutes (20). But Hiroshi Egusa and colleagues in 2008 showed that impressions from patients mouths contain hazardous microorganisms like Streptocci, Staphylococcus aureus, Methicillin resistant Staphyloccocus, , Candida, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with rate of 100%, 55.6% 25,9%,5.6 % and 5.6 % respectively(22). These are opportunist pathogens that spread and transfer through the oral cavity (22). Candida causes common opportunist infections known as oral candidiasis, found in patients with immune deficiency (23). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a deadly infectious agent that exists epidemically in hospital appliances and instruments (22) However, studies show that among population the spreading rate of S. pyogenes, S. pneumonia and S. aureus to pharynx is 10%, 20 to 32% and 30% respectively (14). This is the reason that in this survey, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were selected to investigate the disinfection capability of disinfectant agents. By the year 1991, washing the impression materials with running water was the common way to remove microorganisms (22). This method can reduce about 90% of bacteria. (24) Running water can wash up saliva, blood and debris. But recent studies indicate that such methods cannot eliminate microorganisms from impression materials completely. Therefore washing the impression materials with running water, without disinfectants is not rational (22). In this survey three common disinfectant agents were used. One of them is Hypochlorite sodium 0.525 %. which is used in housework too. This disinfectant can efficiently prevent microorganisms growth and disinfect the impression materials. In a study by J.Bustos (12), it was shown that immersing silicon impressions in 0.5% hypochlorite sodium after 5 and 10 minutes dramatically prevent the bacterial growth in compare to the control group. Although in the recent study spraying method was used, results of the recent study are consistent with the mentioned study. On the other hand Westerholm, Reuggeberg and colleagues also showed that spraying Sodium hypochlorite can effectively disinfect the impression materials (25-26). The Westerholm and et al study showed that Sodium hypochlorite can almost completely (99.99%) prevent the growth of S. aureus and this rate is about 99.60 % after 5 minutes and 100 % after 10 minutes for s.aureus in the present study. In another study by Ghahramanloo et al, spraying Sodium Hypochlorite 0.525 % could disinfect samples effectively (96.6%) after 10 minutes which is a good indicator of high capability of this agent (13). In studies by Westerholm, Rueggeberg and Ghahramanloo disinfection effect of these agents were assessed on irreversible hydrochloride (Alginate), but in this survey this effect has been assessed on condensational silicon. The results showed that there is no difference in disinfection capability of hypochlorite sodium regardless of impression material and this is a good proof for high penetration of this agent into impression materials porosities. Decnex is an alcoholic based disinfectant agent, which in this study could effectively disinfect impression materials after 5 and 10 minutes (100 %). But in Ghahremanloo A et al study, this agent could eradicate 70.4 % of microorganisms (13). Maybe the main reason for this difference is that Ghahramanloo A used irreversible hydrochloride, which has more porosities and cause deep penetration of microorganism into this impression material and can define the lesser capability of disinfectant agent in eradicating microorganisms. The specific feature about this agent is that there is no difference in disinfection ability of Deconex after 5 minutes and 10 minutes. In the present study, for the first time the antimicrobial effect of Epimax on impression materials was investigated. This agent could not effectively eradicate microorganism after 5 minutes in compare to two other agents, but after 10 minutes it completely (100 %) eradicated candida albicans and staphylococos aureos but this rate was 97.89 for Pseudomonas aeroginosa which shows the importance of using this agent for longer duration. However, it should be mentioned that the results of the present study are not completely consistent with the results of other studies, due to different impression materials brands and usage time. One of the shortcomings of the present study is that it is an in-vitro experimental study which is different from clinical and in-vivo situations. Usually impression materials remain 3 to 5 minutes in patients mouth, while in our study it took 60 minutes to attach all the bacterial types to the samples as 60 minutes is an effective time for bacterial adherence. Also pressure while taking an impression and saliva can alter bacterial adherence capacity. This study investigated the effect of three common disinfectant agents on two types of bacteria and one fungus. As so many dentists are concerned about viruses such as HIV and HBV, further studies should be conducted to find an effective way to eradicate these kinds of pathogens. Conclusion: It can be concluded that sodium hypochlorite, Deconex and Epimax can effectively disinfect condensational silicon. This capability is higher for Deconex and it is recommended that Deconex can be the first choice to disinfect condensational silicon impression materials. Acknowledgement: We would like to express our sincere acknowledgement in the support and help of microbiology department of Isfahan medical university and research department of dentistry faculty of Isfahan University of medical science.

Essay --

Gender Differences and the Brain Brandon Moore LTCY 199 November 21, 2013 As we all know the brain is one of the most amazing mysteries in the world; there is a lot to be discovered. This topic hits home for me because most of my life I have always wanted to know how is the brain any different between men and women. From the very beginning of life boys and girls are already different. The common topic of discussion is which gender’s brain matures faster. People often hear that girls mature much faster than boys. In fact this is not true; the genders don’t really play a part in the maturation process, because it is all about what you are exposed to in life. Although research has shown girls to have way more verbal skills through the preschool stages, but it then declines drastically around age seven . Girls have also been proven to do better than boys in reading and writing all the way through high school. Most of these studies were done in co-ed schools. Studies have shown that single gender schools are more helpful for both genders. The statistics were basically the same from these types of schools. I do think your brain matures faster based of the things you are exposed to. When these say research was done globally, the statistics varied, some siding with girls and some in favor with boys. So this proves, that there is a real gender difference, but there is not a proven gender maturation rate in the brain. Self-esteem is another big gender difference. It ties in with topics like emotions, coping, depression, and behavior. All through adolescence boys have been shown to have a greater self-esteem than girls. This means guys are less likely to become depressed over something. Research done by Reiko Miyamoto and Yoshiaki Kiku... ..., Szatkowskal, l., & Baron, J. (2012). Sex, Lies and fMRI Gender Differences in Neural Basis of Deception. Plos ONE, 7(8), 1-11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0043076 Farace, E., & Alves, W. M. (2000). Do women fare worse: a metaanalysis of gender differences in traumatic brain injury outcome. Journal of Neurosurgery, 93(4), 539-545. Xu, J., Kobayashi, S., Yamaguchi, S., Iijima, K. I., Okada, K., & Yamashita, K. (2000). Gender effects on age-related changes in brain structure. American Journal of Neuroradiology, 21(1), 112-118. Schulte-RÃ ¼ther, M., Markowitsch, H. J., Shah, N. J., Fink, G. R., & Piefke, M. (2008). Gender differences in brain networks supporting empathy. Neuroimage, 42(1), 393-403. Eccles, J. S., & Harold, R. D. (1991). Gender differences in sport involvement: Applying the Eccles' expectancy-value model. Journal of applied sport psychology, 3(1), 7-35.

Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Essay

There are times when life takes an unforeseen route, and one is faced with an obstacle or situation that was not expected. Many people are diagnosed with terminal diseases, have accidents and are left with severe impairments, and suffer horrendous complications from medical issues. One has the right, according to law, to make medical decisions about their care and treatment options. But should one have the right to end their life? Assisted, or voluntary euthanasia, is the direct administration of a lethal agent to end one’s life at the request of the patient (Tamayo-Velazquez, Simon-Lorda, & Cruz-Piqueras, 2012, p. 678). Should a person have to intolerably suffer for the duration of their disease or disability, or should they have the right to choose to end their life? Related Ethical Implications and Obligations Voluntary euthanasia naturally sparks the debate between â€Å"morality and legality† (Young, 2010). Ethical implications come with being faced with if assisted euthanasia is morally justified, or if respecting one’s right to make choices about their life, including end of life decisions, supersedes all other aspects of the subject. Nurses are an integral part in end of life care of patients, and often times are witness to those expressing the desire to die. Ethical dilemmas are currently high regarding end of life care in nursing, and would only grow more complicated and severe if assisted euthanasia became legal worldwide, as nurses would not only provide comfort measures, but rather be a part of ending life. Currently, assisted euthanasia is legal in three countries; the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Euthanasia is considered murder in every other place in the world. (â€Å"Assisted Suicide & Death with Dignity,† 2013). In the United States, there are currently three states, Oregon, Montana, and Washington, where Physician Assisted Suicide, or PAS, is legal. PAS is referred to as the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act â€Å"and permits doctors to prescribe a lethal  overdose to a patient who is expected to die within six months. This decision is totally dependent upon patient wishes, and physicians are not obligated to inform families, only to write the prescription (â€Å"Analysis of Assisted Suicide Initiative,† 2013). In any other state, assisted suicide is considered manslaughter and is punishable by law. Assisted euthanasia remains a hot topic worldwide, and aims to pass laws are constantly challenged. Ethical Theories Ethical decisions are always difficult for the nurse to make in a challenging situation Confidentiality and privacy are part of ethical issues but can raise confusion as to the best direction of an action for a nurse to take. There is a need for nurses to know that patient obligations and laws concerning privacy and confidentiality matters. Healthcare has the HIPAA law that guides patient’s privacy (HIPAA. ORG, 2008) which is essential for nurses to understand the pertinent guidelines or rules on confidentiality so as to carry out their practices based on the law guidelines. The code of ethics states, â€Å"The nurse advocates for, promotes and strives towards safety, health and the patients’ rights (ANA, 2010). (ANA, 2010) stated that Deontology theory is helpful for the nurse to judges the morality of an action based on the action’s adherence to rules. Whether an action is ethical depends on the intentions behind the decisions rather than the outcomes that result. Beneficence represents compassion on the other hand, taking positive action to help others and desire to do good which is the core principle of our patient advocacy. (Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L, 2008). Autonomy theory hel p nurses respect and honor a patients or clients right to make a course of action and support independent decision making. While the right to autonomy is not to hurt or negatively impact an outcome, it often gives the nurse a sense of freedom to choose a moral decision. Voluntary assisted euthanasia may be justified with the Beneficence theory but ethically wrong for the nurse in assisting. Impact of social valves, morals, and norms The Terry Schiavo case was perhaps the highest profile case to ever address the issue of prolonging one’s life when that person suffers a life-altering medical tragedy. With her husband fighting on one side for the right to not prolong her life and multiple parties, including her other family members, fighting for the right to prolong her life, this case took national media and even the courts by  storm. The case brought to light what has been called the â€Å"right-to-die† question. Because she lacked a living will, the courts were left to determine what her finals wishes would have been in a situation like this. Legally speaking, the court in Florida found that people have the right to refuse medical treatment, and that right extends to them even when they are in a vegetative state. This case was complicated because there was no clear consensus on whether Schiavo would have liked to exercise that right. Ultimately, her husband was able to convince the court of this, and his persuasiveness came largely because he was the closest person to her and was thus in the best position to understand her wishes. The case brought about complicated ethical issues, especially for the medical professionals involved. Nurses and doctors are under an oath to preserve life whenever possible, but they must also respect the wishes of patients. Because the decision involved removing a feeding tube rather than taking any direct action to harm the patient, medical professionals were able to comply with court orders without violating their oath. It is also worth noting that this case was complicated by social and political issues. Pro-life groups advocated on behalf of Schiavo’s family, and President George W. Bush even tried to intervene. Some argue that these things were designed to make a political point. Implementing an ethical theory Implementing an ethical theory or principle to address an ethical dilemma should involve identifying the type of ethical problem. Doing this lays the groundwork for the trajectory in the caring response. From here, an ethical theory can be implemented and methodically followed to conclude with the best caring response. In the case of Terry Schiavo, there were ambiguities of who should make the decisions. With this, a locus of authority was established to this ethical problem and ultimately, the Supreme Court would act as the moral agent. With the trajectory set, the Supreme Court was now going to be held responsible for the caring response outcome. Furthermore, the Courts would likely have to rely on a narrative approach to ethical decision making. Purtilo and Doherty  (2011) define the narrative approach as information told through stories that, as a result, affect the human experience. With the barrage of coming from the Schiavo case, the Supreme Court must be sure to gather all the relevant details in order to establish facts, relationships and values. Consequently, this is the first step in many ethical theories as well as Purtilo and Doherty’s (2011, p. 103) six steps to ethical decision making. The determination of an ethical decision in deeply rooted in personal and societal values. The ethical theory provides the framework, but it is the value-laden details that guide the decision (Aulisio & Arnold, 2008). With this said an accurate prediction with regard to cases such as Terry Schiavo would be the immediate intervention of ethics committees to mitigate lengthy legal processes and preserving a caring response. Conclusion In this case all of the moral and social valves that were implicated involved nursing ethics. Nurses play an important role in caring for patients that are at the end of life. Nurses must understand the issues that involve assisted euthanasia because of the legal and ethical implications that are involved. Nurses must have adequate knowledge and understanding of assisted death to prevent themselves from violating their personal and professional ethics. References Analysis of Washington Assisted Suicide Initiative {I-1000}. (2013). Retrieved from www.patientsrightcouncil.org/site/analysis-washington-state/ Assisted Suicide & Death with Dignity: Past, Present & Future – Part III. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.patientsrightcouncil.org/site/rpt2005-part3/ Aulisio, M. & Arnold, M. (2008). Role of the Ethics Committee: Helping To Address Value Conflicts or Uncertainties. Retrieved from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1086034 Beauchamp, T. L., & Childress, J. F. (2009). Principles of biomedical ethics (6th ed., pp. 38- 39).New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Butts, J. B., & Rich, K. L. (2008). Nursing ethics across the curriculum and into practice (2nd ed., pp. 21-22). Sunbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett. Purtilo, Doherty. (2011). Ethical Dimensions in the Health Professions (5th ed). W.B. Saunders Company. Retrieved from http://pageburstls.elsevier.com/books/978-1-4377-0896-7/id/B9781437708967000138_p0300 Tamayo-Velazquez, M., Simon-Lorda, P., & Cruz-Piqueras, M. (2012). Euthanasia and physician assisted suicide: Knowledge, attitudes and experiences of nurses in Andalusia {Spain}. Nursing Ethics, 19{5}, 677-691. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011436203 Young, R. (2010). Voluntary Euthanasia. Retrieved from http://plato.standford.edu/entries/euthanasia-voluntary/

Essay On Body Image In The Media - 1460 Words

Body Image In The Media: Do Women Need to Look A Certain Way To Be Accepted? Body image in the media has been a complex issue for decades. It is clear there are several different body types in women portrayed in magazines, commercial ads, newspapers, and even certain fictional cartoon characters. For example, Betty Boop has black hair, pale Caucasian skin, and curvature that makes an adult female want her body. These highlighted features on Betty Boop s body publicly portrays a beautiful woman. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to closely analyze different articles on how society has shown the way the media portrays controversy factors about women and body issues. Another example of a well-known respected woman in today s†¦show more content†¦The strengths of this article are that an observational study was conducted. For example, page 3 shows the age group of the study, which leads to the type of results this study had used a Flowchart as the visual representation. This article also shows the geographical area of those involved when conducting the study. An overview of how many girls, age group, and the distance, along with the conclusive percentage of girls that were satisfied with their own body; allows the readers to understand the sensitivity of this study. All of this information was delivered in the abstract. Among all of these adolescent girls, 32.8% of girls had overestimated their weight, while only 4.9% of girls had underestimated their weight. Conclusions: This study concludes that desire to become thin is higher in adolescent girls, even in those who already perceived their body image as too thin. (Dixit et al. 197-202). To conclude, the results portray the percentage of girls that had overestimated their weight, as well as the percentage that had underestimated weight. This gives a statistical overview of the study conducted. When glancing at the introductory paragraph, it stresses how delicate the adolescent stage is in life. 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The Importance Of Leadership Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1199 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? It is well known that becoming a leader requires multiple characters, such as vision, mission, influence and strong communication skills. The more characters, the more successful of a leader. Among these good characters, which one the fundamental feature and crucial importance is worth people discussing. According to Dwight D Eisenhower, the late American president, without integrity, there is no real success wherever in any group in the society (D, BrainyQuote.com., n.d.). What is integrity? It is the quality of being honest and morally upright. (Hornby, 1989, p.777). Integrity itself is a good character which may not able to create a strong leader. However, if a leader lack of integrity it would bring injustice and limitation to the organization. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Importance Of Leadership Integrity" essay for you Create order In this report, I will discuss some scenes regarding the importance of integrity in leadership. Discussion Analysis Integrity in leadership which represents several characters such as honesty and justice. It is more like a high moral standard that a leader who comply with in the organization. Therefore, as Drucker (2004) said, the leader is admired through the good personality, which the character that sets the example to the subordinates. Firstly, honesty, it is a particularly true factor of integrity. And this character will build the trust between the team member and leader. It stands for always telling the truth no matter how powerful the person is. When people watching the movie Invictus, a good role model of honesty is demonstrated by late president Nelson Mandela. After having spent over 27 years in jail when he is released from prison. Mandela then is elected as the first black president of South Africa. What he aims to do is to eliminate the racial division between black and white people in his country. He knows exactly that the black people in his country were cheering for the team who against the Springboks (South Africa country rugby team). While the most of white people on the opposite. And he remarks that he did the same while he was a prisoner. He could hide this point or keep silence according to his purpose is to unite the whole country. On one hand, as a black president who needs the support from black people to show he is one of them. On the other hand, Mandela also needs to get the recognition from white people to show his leadership. Under this tough situation, Mandela choose not to lie on this, even this may destroy the relationship with white folks. By telling the truth he still inspires the nation to cheer on Springboks as a whole team (Eastwood, 2007). His frankness of manner makes him a successful and effective leader. In this case, South Africa people would trust Mandela who is willing to tell the truth no matter under any situation. Only when people know their leader is honest and they can trust the leader, they will doing the better job in the team. It is noted by Sadler (2003), by follow their leader a s example, good leader always shows the team how to behave like the role model. With the trust build by each other, people are easier to motivate and enhance the productivity. In addition, Justice is another factor of integrity when revealing to people in workgroup. If a leader without justice but has the power to deal with in the group. It will influence the decision of employees willing of working in the organization. It is said in Druckers (2010) statement that people should evaluate the character of the top management when considering a job offer. For instance, when I was working at Cisco as a sales manager in 2008, my team has 12 subordinates. According to the companys policy, all the promotions and pay raise to employees should be evaluated by their performance on annual basis. And then submitted by their direct manager for approval. My manager denied the application I submitted for a reason of no budget allocated that year. As the matter of fact, there was one person in my team but who is not on the list got promoted directly from my manager. This results in half of the team members left the team within three months, which they thought it was unfair for my manager to appointed someone without notification and evaluation. Also, they were upset about that management team could break the policy by the power they have. In this case, my manager did not show the team integrity. According to Tracy (2014), leaders with integrity always on the side of fairness. How leader demonstrate the justice will have different impact on the team. There is an episode in the movie Invictus (2007), the first day when Mandela works in the office, he says to the white officers that he will work with them instead of layoff those white people. Which makes the other black people hard to understand why their new president would do this. But Mandela says to the white folks that they can work in the new government, and they will not be treated differently because of the language or skin color. Therefore, most of the white people stay and even Mandelas security team has white colleagues. The team members respect their leaders professionalism and justice. Integrity plays an important role when a companys development has conflict with social benefit. It will show the society how the leader thinks of ethical responsibility. Every business needs to develop and earn a profit, the leader is the one who leads members to that end. When the business profit impacts the social benefit, people are looking at the leader to take responsibility for the results. Moreover, this is related to the integrity and ethical responsibility. For example, Facebook is one of the famous social media company and has a large number of customers. The founder Zuckerberg once posts to say that Facebook is creating an ideal kingdom. It is pointed out by Harvard professor that the truth is not like that. The platform displays the spreading of lies and hate. Zuckerberg apologized to Congress on the data leaking, hate speech and spreading fake news (Cullen, 2018). He admits it is Facebooks responsibility that not do enough to prevent the platform from being used for the bad purpose. Compared with the shrinkage of market value, its reputation loss has far-reaching effects. This also sounds the alarm for other business companies and reveal s the importance of the leader to assume social responsibility. Conclusion It is integrity makes success, as Huntsman (2008) said no matter in personal life or in business, there is no shortcut, which integrity is the foundation of doing things. Leaders should keep their promises and always telling truth even in the tough time. If they cannot do this, it is difficult to have the team to follow with them. Because team members may lose the confidence and doubt the leader would cheat on them. Just as the case happened in my team, the consequence was not as good as the company wanted to see. In the future, as a leader I would keep the transparent to team members, let everyone in the team knows the process and what is going on in the team. Show respect and try to get more benefit for them within the position allowed.

Racial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement - 2959 Words

For centuries, there have been ongoing cases of racism and discrimination against blacks in America, not only in the workplace, but also in the criminal justice system, the government, housing, and countless other establishments. One cannot describe America without slavery, the Civil Rights Movement, and other racially motivated movements. Race (and racism, unfortunately) is what makes America, America. For this essay, I will be exploring the question: Is there still a racial issue in America, predominantly, against blacks? Also, I will be exploring if stereotypes are related to racial profiling, if the media affects racism, and if racism is still present in the 21st century, in particularly, since President Barack Obama got elected as the United States first black president in 2008. This topic’s inspiration came about after reading Sojourner Truth’s speech â€Å"Ain’t I a Woman?† and after watching the famous, or at times, infamous Fox News program, Bill O’Riley. On this particular program, O’Riley and Martin Luther King III were discussing the situation in Ferguson, Missouri after the police officer that had shot and killed Michael Brown did not get charged with murder. O’Riley stated that blacks should ‘sit down’ and wear â€Å"Don’t Get Pregnant at 14† t-shirts in order for black relations/issues to get better. This topic is relevant because, as stated before, race and racism is what makes America and it is something that needs to be changed for us, as a country, to move forwardShow MoreRelatedRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1065 Words   |  5 PagesWhen thinking about racism, it feels like it is a thing of the past, but it’s not. There are numerous people who are racist in law enforcement and that is demonstrated through racial profiling. Racial profiling still exists today and unfortunately happens frequently. In 2013, an unarmed black male, Trayvon Martin, is shot and killed by an officer. In 2014, Michael Brown, who is also a black male is shot and killed by another officer. Also, many black and Hispanic people are racially profiled andRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement993 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly improved after the civil rights movement, racism still occurs today. Discrimination and racism toward Blacks was considered normal after the Civil War and before the civil rights movement. Many white people could openly abuse black people in the streets and no one would care. Racism and discrimination only happens at a mid extent today, which is not as often as a when Richard lived. Richard Wright was born after the Civil War, but before the Civil Rights Movement. If he were to write an autobiographyRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 PagesGiselle Cordero PSCI 246: Social Movements Outline Topic/Question: Have Black Lives Mattered? – Racial profiling in the justice system, increased incarceration of African Americans and the idea of â€Å"White Privilege† persists in the United States. 1. Introduction Even though America is the world dominating superpower and is known to intervene on behalf of the violation of human rights internationally, it fails to acknowledge and correct the flaws its legal and justice system present against itsRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement1439 Words   |  6 PagesJustice, racial profiling refers to the discriminatory practice by law enforcement officials of targeting individuals for suspicion of crime based on the individual s race, ethnicity, religion or national origin. Any definition of racial profiling must include, in addition to racially or ethnically discriminatory acts, discriminatory omissions on the part of law enforcement as well. For example, during the eras of lynching in the South in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and the civil rightsRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement851 Words   |  4 Pagesas joblessness, racism, racial profiling, etc. This rally was in support of other nationali ties, most of which, I have no personal connection to. I arrived at Walker Mill Baptist Church feeling a bit nervous and apprehensive. There were more than one hundred persons at the church and I was quite mesmerized at the number of African Americans willing to travel to New York and stand in solidarity with other nationalities concerning freedom of religion and other human rights atrocities. However, euphoriaRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement918 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica has come a long way since the Civil Rights movement in the 60s. Prejudice, discrimination, racism, and violence have decreased since then, but it is still very present in the 21st century. There have been numerous cases from Trayvon Martin, to Eric Garner, Sandra Bland, and many more lives that were lost in these last few years. Being mindful of who they’re around and what they’re doing is something that African Americans always think about, because the last thing they wan t is to be oneRead MorePolice Brutality Of African Americans1405 Words   |  6 Pagesthe United States. The August 2014 death of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri many Americans, some who are former Civil Rights activists, have spoken out against police brutality. Black Lives Matter states that the movement’s goal is to bring justice to the present unjust police killings of African Americans. Looking at prior cases of brutality and its connection to racial profiling, such as the police shooting of Ronald Stokes in 1962, has led many activists in America to connect these past issuesRead MoreMyths and Stereotypes909 Words   |  4 PagesMyth and Stereotypes: Racial Profiling Wendy Horton Kaplan University A stereotype is an exaggerated belief about a group that can be positive or negative but generalizes without allowing for differences (Louisiana Voices, 1999-2003). One example of a stereotype would be racial profiling. Racial profiling is an inclusion of racial or ethnic characteristics in determining whether a person is considered more likely to commit a particular type of crime or an illegal act or to behave in a â€Å"predictable†Read MoreCivil Rights For African Americans1001 Words   |  5 PagesCivil Rights for African Americans Marciano Castillo Government 3P May 5, 2015 For centuries African Americans have been treated differently because of the color of their skin. They’ve been slaves, segregated, and discriminated, and been forced to fight for equality. Till this day African Americans are discriminated but yet have accomplished a lot from changing laws to changing the way they are viewed. The first slaves arrived in Virginia around the 1600’s and was the jumpstart to whatRead MoreThroughout history, racial profiling has become a prevalent issue within humanity. From slavery,1400 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, racial profiling has become a prevalent issue within humanity. From slavery, segregation, and to world wars, furthermore ongoing issues of terrorism, these examples have led to the profound effects of racial profiling. Racial Profiling can be defined as the action of law enforcers and society, which specifically targets people based on race, ethnicity, religion or national origin and not by actual behavior. Although, many people may believe that racial profiling is non-existent,

Dear Colleges free essay sample

Dear Colleges, I know my grades are â€Å"average† and my athletics â€Å"non existent†. My mind not the â€Å"brightest† and my GPA not the â€Å"most appealing†. But there are reasons i would like to attend. I’m smart i’m artistic im devoted i’m independent and im older than i was then. Though upon reading my application you’ll probably just toss it in the trash. I get it. You want an athletic nerd or a genius. You want someone who can ace all the classes or run laps around the football field. My grades are mostly C’s and the rare B. My SATs are not the best. And my 4.0 GPA is non existent I could tell you why my grades are so substandard and my athletic life so blank i could tell you that my grandparents died and sent me into a deep depression like state. I could tell you that when i was 6 i was diagnosed with Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome. We will write a custom essay sample on Dear Colleges or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Which cause me to miss days even weeks or months of school each year. Though you won’t care or even consider the fact. You don’t care about dont care about my personal life or my pleads and begs. You care about perfect grades and athletes. You want the students that can make you look good or is trustworthy with studying and tests. I am not a straight a or b student nor am i in the honor roll the swim team or the class valedictorian. I am a 15 year old girl who wants to get into a good college and make something with her life So just because i don’t have the best grades or the most athletic past. Or the best SAT scores. Don’t turn a blind eye or throw my application in the trash with just one glance. Because i feel i can be a great addition to your school. Because i am much more than an average grade low SAT score non athletic. Sincerely, The one that deserves a second chance

The Evolution of the Automobile Its Effects on Society

Table of Contents Introduction Background information: The evolution Effects of the Automobile Evolution on the Society Conclusion Bibliography Footnotes Introduction Evolution is an inevitable process in most things that we encounter in our day-to-day lives. Most aspects undergo the evolution process for the purpose of better performance through incorporation of new features and elements that are desired by people as needs change day by day.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of the Automobile Its Effects on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More An automobile can be defined as a motor vehicle or vessel that is powered for transportation especially of passengers. A lot of importance is attached to it due to the help it offers to a majority of people particularly in terms of convenience. The automobile is one concept that has undergone considerable evolution with many positive changes being witn essed and each evolution stage being associated with some improvements from prior stage. There are also negative impacts. This piece of work will give an exhaustive discussion of the evolution of the automobile and the effects it has had on the society. Background information: The evolution Coming up with the automobile did not take a single day nor did it involve a single individual. The evolution of the automobile has taken a relatively long period for it to be at the state in which it is today. The history of automobile can be traced back in the late 18th century or early 19th century. This is connected to the engineering and technological advancements that were witnessed in Europe during this time. During this period, the European engineers started inventing and bringing into action vehicles that were powered by a motor. It was later that other sources of power were invented for instance steam, combustion and electricity and the motors developed therefore took different forms de pending on the source of power. This caused some form of confusion and by the beginning of the 20th century; it was still not clear the type of engine that was appropriate to power the automobile[1]. In the beginning, an electric vehicle was the most common automobile. However, with the invention of a battery, a battery-powered car became popular mainly because it was in a position to move with greater speed and go over a long distance as compared to an electric car. For this reason, the electric cars stopped being produced past the first decade of the 20th century.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The steam-powered automobile was also popular and was used even in the 1920’s. The problems associated with this type of automobile are cost of construction as well as maintenance. It was also deemed dangerous since it presented a high probability of explosion of the boiler. Th e steam driven engine for that reason did not become popular. With the passage of time, the steam and electric automobiles were out done by the combustion engine driven cars, as they were deemed more reliable. The popularity of the combustion engine can be traced when it was opted for by the early American automobile founders such as Henry Ford. After the trials and comparison of the automobiles, it was now time to produce automotives for commercial purposes. This started towards the end of the 19th century (1890), in France. Commercial automobile production in the United States started in the beginning of the 20th century and it was equal to what was produced in Europe. Engineering and handicraft strategies were utilized in the making of the automobiles. Initially, different parts from different suppliers were brought together in a plant and assembled to make a vehicle. Various automobile making firms were established but their number went on decreasing as time went by in various c ountries including Japan, Europe, and the United States of America due to varying reasons, for instance, poor management, and lack of resources. The three horsepower and curved dash Oldsmobile was the first automobile to be produced in large scale. Various automobile making firms were established between the year 1904 to the year 1908 in the United States of America and they engaged in very competitive business and one of the notable firms include the Ford Motor Company. Initially, automobiles were associated with the wealthy people but their popularity spread to the public with time. With the increase in popularity, the automobiles became relatively cheaper and hence people of the middle class could afford them. This was enabled by cheap pricing of the cars and provision of incentives to employees such that they would afford the cars without straining. The popularity of the automobile has been on the increase all through from their invention to present day. The automobile has becom e a necessity and it is deemed as a tool that makes life interesting and easy especially through enhancing movements of both people and goods from one place to another an aspect that was very difficult during the earlier days.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Evolution of the Automobile Its Effects on Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, the economic status has been a factor that has influenced the popularity of the automobiles in that when the status are favourable, the popularity and use increases while it decreases in times of recession and inflation. Practical examples include increase in popularity after the First World War and during the Second World War and a decrease at the time of great depression, which was characterized by increased unemployment rate[2]. Successful automobile manufacturing companies were known through their specific trademark, which could be deduced from their design, speed, as well as service provided. It is evident that there have been many changes in the automobile industry in an effort to come up with the best automobile in terms of features as well as safety. Various people have been involved in the evolution process each playing a significant role in bringing about ideas to make better automobiles. Even with the availability of other modes of transportation that could even be more comfortable and convenient, it is evident that cars have dominated the transport sector. We find that vehicles have become an essential element in our day-to-day lives and most families have at least one car. Many resources are used on transportation particularly for the gas. Economic hardships have for this reason resulted in people preferring to use public means of transport because in as much as they would wish to travel in the comfort of their own cars it becomes very expensive and they cannot afford to maintain their personal cars[3]. Effects of the Automobi le Evolution on the Society Most aspects do not exist in isolation and therefore there are usually some forms of dependencies, which in turn lead to some effects. The effects could be either positive or negative depending on situations and the results achieved. The automobile evolution is associated with considerable impacts on the society, the positive ones seeming to outdo the negative ones.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The automobile industry and the evolutions involved have been received with a lot of excitement and appreciation by different members of the society due to the enhancement of lives particularly with respect to transportation and movement. It has for example allowed for integration and collaboration of people irrespective of the distance involved an aspect that was very difficult in the past. Work is an area that has been improved to a notable degree where people can now work far from their resident areas. In the past, it was not possible for an individual to work away from the home area due to movement problems, those living in the city were forced to work in the city, and those living in the countryside worked in the farms. The automobiles invention, development, and improvements have however improved the situation of the places where a lot of growth has been experienced in the suburbs allowing people to live near town centres where they can easily commute back and forth to work in the town. We can therefore say that the invention of the automobile has had a lot of effect on the world’s culture. It has for instance eliminated the concept of isolation and instead given individuals a great degree of freedom where they can easily explore the world to the maximum for their benefit or rather survival[4]. The automobiles have influenced the living habits and social conventions greatly through enhancing mobility. As opposed to earlier days where transport was a problem and people from different areas or regions would not integrate, it is now easy to move from one place to the other hence everyone from any location is able to be part of the mainstream in terms of economic and social practices. Automobiles and the improvement of the transport system have played a great role in narrowing the gap that exists between rural and urban lifestyle. This is through improved access to facilities such as the market, schools, as well as health centres. Infrastructure has a lso improved as most people buy automobiles making investment on roads to be a national priority. Concerning socialization, automobiles have improved the way people socialize and establish relationship ties. Young people have been able to improve their dating styles by going out and spending sometimes in separate places away from their home place. In other words, automobiles have added to the youths, the freedom they need to make healthy relationships. Entertainment sector has also been influenced positively by the invention and development of the automobile. Drive-in movies became very popular where people would conveniently meet at some movie location and since they had cars they would comfortably watch the movie without any worry of being late to go back home. Most teenagers would also have fun together as long as they know that movement is not a problem. As opposed to the earlier days, people are now willing to relocate from the urban areas to the suburbs. The automobile has cha nged the city life by promoting the outward extension of the populations that adored the city to the suburbs. This issue has been heightened by the fact that there has been enhanced highway transportation system, which in turn has facilitated the development and prosperity of businesses and industries far away from the city centres where there is plenty of cheap land. Improvement of the rural areas and the availability of automobiles have really changed population distribution. Cars are now easily accessible, the areas are less crowded as compared to the urban centres, and spaces for building business structures are available. Employment is another sector that has been touched by the automobile industry and its growth. Members of the society have not only enjoyed working in the automobile sector but also in other sectors in which the automobile has enhanced in one-way or the other. Some of the sectors that have been enhanced by the automobile include the gas stations, auto shops, fa st food centres, city construction programs, the transport related police and auto repair centres among others. Some of these are entirely dependent on the automobile while others rely on it partly. Employment is a very crucial aspect that helps in lifting the living standards of people in the ever-growing population. Another notable effect of the automobiles, although negative, is environmental degradation. Despite the fact that automobiles have been associated with many positive effects to the society, they have some negative effects on the society. There has been a lot of pollution leading to environment degradation an aspect that is linked with very many negative impacts for instance global warming and the green house gas affect all these contributing to hunger and other negative aspects of life for example unfavourable weather conditions. The harmful emissions made by the automobiles are deemed dangerous to the environment and the organisms contained therein including human bei ngs. The pollution of air makes life unbearable for most organisms and may cause diseases especially respiratory related. The emissions also affect the ozone layer leading to unhealthy exposure that may cause diseases like cancer. Acidic rain is also an environmental problem caused by the harmful emissions. This is because the oils consumed by these automobiles emit gases like sulphur dioxide that mix with rainwater to cause acid rain. This in turn causes harm to buildings (they wear out easily) and plants[5]. Conclusion It is evident that the automobile has undergone many significant changes all aimed at making them better, safer and comfortable. One of the factors that have fuelled the evolution of the automobile is the changes in the needs and desires of the society. This has in a way led to incorporation of the changes in the automobile industry. The automobile industry and its evolution has not been without some effects to the society as well hence we can conclude that both the society and the industry have influenced each other greatly. Some of the effects of the automobile evolution on the society include; improvement of economic and social lives of people through allowing for integration, provision of employment opportunities to the population, narrowing of the gap between the urban and the rural life and change of attitude towards the rural areas and environmental degradation among others. Although the effects of automobiles have been witnessed largely in the United States of America, the effects are spreading to the other parts of the world in a very high speed. Bibliography Berger, L.M. (2001). The Automobile in American History and Culture: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Lewis, L.D. (1991). The Automobile and American Culture. USA: University of Michigan Press Volti, R. (2006). Cars and Culture: The Life Story of a Technology. Baltimore, Maryland: JHU Press Witt, U. (2001). Escaping Satiation: The Demand Side of Economi c Growth. New York: Springer Yang, X. (1995). Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan, and the People’s Republic of China. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group Footnotes L.M. Berger (2001). The Automobile in American History and Culture: A Reference Guide. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group U. Witt (2001). Escaping Satiation: The Demand Side of Economic Growth. New York: Springer R. Volti (2006). Cars and Culture: The Life Story of a Technology. Baltimore, Maryland: JHU Press X. Yang (1995). Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan, and the People’s Republic of China. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group L.D. Lewis (1991). The Automobile and American Culture. USA: University of Michigan Press This essay on The Evolution of the Automobile Its Effects on Society was written and submitted by user Jayden O. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.